The department has long experience in the treatment of solid malignant tumors. The most common tumors encountered by the department's doctors are breast cancer, GIT tumors, lung cancer, kidney cancer, sarcomas, and brain tumors (gliomas, meningiomas, medulloblastomas, and lymphomas). Patients with suspected cancers are diagnosed in collaboration with the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology. The specialists in gastroenterology, pulmonology, gynecology, urology, neurology, surgery, and others are also engaged in the diagnostic process. Each clinical case is discussed during regular interdisciplinary tumor boards, after which an individual treatment regimen is developed, taking into account diagnostic data, the stage of the disease, the patient's general health condition, their age, and other important factors. The department's doctors use all modern treatment methods available in this field to treat cancer, including various chemotherapy regimens, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Surgical treatment is performed in cooperation with specialized surgeons using minimally invasive techniques, if possible.

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Malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system are treated jointly by the department's oncologists and hematologists. The specialists regularly treat patients with acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myelomas, and malignant lymphomas. The primary treatment method for leukemia is chemotherapy. If chemotherapy fails or the patient develops a leukemia recurrence, a bone marrow transplant is the second-line treatment. Treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome may include red blood cell transfusion, low-dose chemotherapy combined with supportive therapy and immunosuppressive therapy, or high-dose chemotherapy followed by a bone marrow transplant. The treatment regimen for myeloproliferative neoplasms may include transfusion therapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and high-dose chemotherapy with a bone marrow transplant. In the fight against multiple myeloma and malignant lymphoma, the best results are achieved in a combination of chemotherapy, antibody therapy, and immunotherapy.